Confused about what to do about plastic packaging?

35 retailers and brands from the outdoor industry have been researching and testing ways to reduce the impact of their single use plastic packaging. Here is some of what we’ve learned and what we are doing.

1. Plastic does some things very well:

“In many cases plastics are actually better for the environment than the alternatives. It is surprising until you look closely at it.”  Susan Selke, Director of the school of packaging,            

"Biodegradable’ plastic doesn't do what you think it does. Your paper or metal straw takes only a tiny sip at the problem of plastic pollution. And your supposedly eco-conscious cloth grocery bag is more damaging to the environment than conventional plastic bags—unless you reuse it literally thousands of times. In other words, many of our ideas about plastic and the environment are confused. And that may be getting in the way of the fight against global warming." Wade Roush, Scientific American

“It is not as simple as ‘plastic is bad’ so let’s use something else. It will require a complete change in the way we use product packaging at the moment. Most packaging is now used just once and thrown away. We need to move away from that.”       Eliot Whittington, policy programme director, University of Cambridge’s Institute for Sustainability Leadership

Below are a few links to LCAs showing that removing or replacing plastic with an alternative material could do significantly more ecological damage:

Life Cycle Assessment of Grocery Carrier Bags: Environmental Project no. 1985. The Danish Environmental Protection Agency February 2018

Life Cycle Impacts of Plastic Packaging Compared to Substitutes in the United states and Canada: Theoretical Substitution Analysis. April 2018. PREPARED FOR: The Plastics Division of the American Chemistry Council (ACC) | BY: Franklin Associates, A Division of Eastern Research Group (ERG).

Life Cycle Assessment of Supermarket Carrier Bags: A Review of the Bags Available in 2006. Environment Agency, UK 2011

Évaluation des impacts environnementaux des sacs de caisse Carrefour | Analyse du cycle de vie de sacs de caisse en plastique, papier et matériau biodégradable | Rapport préparé pour CARREFOUR. Revue critique organisée par l’ADEME. July 2004

The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment | Hsien Hui Khoo, Reginald B. H. Tan, Kevin W. L. Chng. 2010

Life Cycle Assessment for Three Types of Grocery Bags | Recyclable Plastic; Compostable, Biodegradable Plastic; and Recycled, Recyclable Paper. | Chaffee, Chet & R. Yaros, Bernard.2007

2. The problem we see is the end of life:

Even when properly disposed by consumers or organisations, many recyclers cannot or do not reprocess our film packaging.

For materials recycling facilities, plastic film can, seriously harm the efficient operation of plant and machinery.”   They may view the film as, “unwanted plastic film contaminant” and therefore  employ a series of counter-measures to mitigate contamination.”Lee Bradbury, operations manager at Casepak’s Leicester MRF

The current problem.

3. Here's what we have been testing:

The current system is linear.

It relies on consumers to be responsible, and municipalities to be capable of caring for our plastic bags. Currently, products are placed in protective plastic bags at the manufacturer and stay that way until they are taken out by the consumer after a purchase. The plastic bag is then discarded.

Consumers should be responsible, and municipalities should be capable, but we can help too

Our goal is to make things a bit more round.

Our aim is to sell the consumer the product (in store or online), but first remove the plastic bag, combine it with other bags, and then send them to a designated recycler. To do this we have joined together in a pan-European collaboration with specific recyclers who we can trust will keep our plastic bags out of landfills or incinerators. The recycler opens a dedicated line for our material because of the volumes we can provide by working together.

We are working towards a circular system

We can create an industry-sized stream of clean, pre-sorted, homogenous plastics. These could be used for new products or even potentially in future generations of plastic bags. During 2019, we were able to successfully test this system using several brands and retailers from the project group.

Benefits of an industry recycling stream:

This is a system change over a materials change.

As noted above, we feel it is very important to take into account the fact that LCAs agree that no other alternative material is superior to plastic when considering the entirety of its lifecycle

We’ve targeted the largest piece of the pie.

Collecting bags from retail stores or from select outgoing shipments may seem small, but it represents a massive segment of the problem. When implemented correctly, this process stands to displace as much as of 86% of the industry’s total poly bags.

This movement is good for business and supported by customers.

During our tests we surveyed end users about their experience, and feedback for the project. The Net Promoter Score (NPS), or customer satisfaction, for end users who participated in the first project tests was an impressive 76 which is industry-leading.

Customers indicated their support and an increased likelihood to recommend participating companies.

This type of scenario fits within our expertise.

Not all of us are subject matter experts on plastics and material alternatives, and even the experts seem to disagree on the best solutions. But we do understand our own supply chain, and are capable of organising the resources already available to accomplish far more.

Our solution uses existing systems and capex, and does so better than current methods.

We would prefer to use machinery already in place for production, and bolster municipal waste infrastructure for its reprocessing. Our first tests collating plastic bags into a recycling stream received the second highest grade of PCR typically sold on the market.

This system helps recyclers and connects producers to waste managers. It’s much easier to say that the waste management system is broken than to sit down with recyclers and work together. We can offer to send them a clean, pre-sorted, homogenous stream of exceptionally high-grade plastics. One that has a higher-than-average yield, and takes significantly less energy to reprocess. We feel encouraged to leverage the current waste management systems and provide a model for conserving other material types.

An industry recycling stream works broadly.

According to our research, this system fits within the context of almost every retailer and brand which currently uses poly bags to protect their. products. In 2020 we intend to continue refining and improving scalability.

Join us for 2020 and beyond.

We are not presenting a solved problem - we believe this is more of a journey than a destination, and we have more work to do. But we have found a system that when implemented correctly, stands to displace the largest segment of our single use plastics, is overwhelmingly supported by customers, and aligns with the current ecological research for plastic packaging.

In the coming year we have set up the project to tackle the challenges of 1) mitigating costs and 2) measuring the net ecological impact of the system in detail. We have promising baseline information for both, but intend to solidify and improve on our work from 2019.

Contact Scott Nelson, project manager, for more information or to join:
scott.nelson@europeanoutdoorgroup.com

The Single Use Plastics Project is an initiative of the European Outdoor Group

Single Use Plastics Project members.

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